State and local school board elections in Ohio are non-partisan, like many municipal and local races. But a new bill in the Ohio Legislature would change that.
Sen. Andy Brenner (R-Delaware) said voters need to know the party affiliations of candidates for school boards.
“These local school boards are very political,” Brenner said.
Brenner’s bill would require candidates for local school boards and for the 11 elected positions on the State Board of Education list party affiliation so voters will know whether their values match the candidates’ views. Read on…
More than half a million Ohioans have cast their ballot in the election so far, as of Friday morning.
Combining absentee and early voting, more than 660,000 Ohioans have voted as of Friday morning, according to the Ohio Secretary Of State.
A majority have been through early voting, which takes place at your local county Board of Elections. Early voting began on Oct. 8 and 433,413 Ohioans have voted early.
More than 34,000 people have voted early so far in Franklin County, the state’s most populous county. In Hamilton County, 25,506 people have voted early so far. Nearly 16,000 people have voted early in Cuyahoga County.
There were 1.1 million absentee ballots requested by mail and 234,786 ballots have been returned. Those who requested an absentee ballot tend to skew older, with about a million of those requests coming from Ohioans 55 and older.
More than 800,000 of those who requested an absentee ballot are Independents. Nearly 400,00 Republicans and nearly 300,000 Democrats requested an absentee ballot.
Absentee ballot applications are due to your local board of elections Oct. 29 by 8:30 p.m. and mailed absentee ballots must be postmarked by Nov. 4.
Election Day is Tuesday Nov. 5 and polls are open from 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. You can find your local polling location here.
Voters must have a photo ID to vote in person. This could be a valid Ohio driver’s license, a U.S. passport, a military ID, an Ohio ID card, an interim ID form issued by the Ohio BMV, an Ohio National Guard ID card or a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ID card.
There are more than 8 million registered voters in Ohio, according to the Ohio Secretary Of State.
Megan Henry is a reporter for the Ohio Capital Journal and has spent the past five years reporting in Ohio on various topics including education, healthcare, business and crime. She previously worked at The Columbus Dispatch, part of the USA Today Network.
Ohio Capital Journal is part of States Newsroom, the nation’s largest state-focused nonprofit news organization.
A political newcomer will represent Ohio’s 2nd U.S. Congressional District starting in 2025.
Democrat Samantha Meadows is going up against Republican David Taylor and neither candidate has held office before.
Republican Rep. Brad Wenstrup
Republican Rep. Brad Wenstrup currently represents the 2nd Congressional District, but he announced at the end of last year that he would not seek reelection in 2024 after serving six terms.
The 2nd Congressional District covers 15 southern Ohio counties: Clermont, Clinton, Pike, Adams, Brown, Highland, Ross, Scioto, Pickaway, Hocking, Vinton, Jackson, Lawrence, Gallia, and Meigs counties, and part of Fayette County.
The 2nd Congressional District historically leans Republican and President Donald Trump won in all of those counties during the 2020 election.
Meadows
This is Meadows’ second time running for the 2nd congressional district. She lost against Wenstrup in 2022 — receiving only 25% of the vote — but she thinks her odds of winning have increased since Wenstrup is retiring.
“I am beating down doors … I’m doing everything that I can to let people know that I, personally, as a candidate, care about them,” she said.
Meadows doesn’t feel intimidated running as a Democrat in Republican-dominated counties.
Democrat Samantha Meadows is running for Ohio’s second congressional district. (Headshot provided.)
“I know that a lot of folks down here are Republicans by anger rather than policy,” she said. “I have faith in our region that, no, this isn’t about Republican or Democrat. This is actually about a person that’s going to help us.”
She grew up in McDermott in Scioto County, attended Shawnee State University and Ohio Christian University and went on to work as an EMT.
“I’ve always felt compelled to be of service to my community,” she said. “… I always felt compelled to help others.”
Through her work as an EMT, Meadows has seen firsthand the devastation of the opioid epidemic and she remembers the first Oxycontin overdose patient she helped treat. They administered Narcan and were able to revive the patient.
“At that time, this was new to us,” she said.
That same patient overdosed again a couple weeks later, but didn’t make it this time.
“Addiction was one of the catalysts that made me run for office,” she said. “Everybody knows somebody that’s either addicted or a family that’s going through those things.”
“I had a moment where I literally looked at the TV and said, somebody’s got to do something about this. And so I was like, I’ll do it,” she said.
Taylor
Wenstrup retiring, how most of the 2nd District is Appalachian and “the laundry list of national crises we have going on both inside and outside our borders” is what led to Taylor to run for office.
“The needs of the Appalachian community has been something that’s been in the front of my mind my whole life,” he said. “The opportunity to see this overlooked, underserved community that is the 2nd District of Ohio get the attention it deserves is what compelled me to get into politics.”
Taylor had to endure a competitive primary against ten other Republicans — including state Sens. Shane Wilkin and Niraj Antani — to get on the November ballot. Taylor came out on top with 25% of the vote.
Republican David Taylor is running for Ohio’s second congressional district. (Photo provided by Taylor’s campaign.)
“People don’t want career politicians right now,” he said. “They want somebody from the outside. I think actually, for the voters in the 2nd District, not being a person with a political background was actually a plus.”
Even though the second district leans Republican, Taylor said he is treating the race as if the district was split 50-50 and has been traveling the district to meet people.
“We’re running the tires off my pickup truck and going to all corners of the district,” he said.
Taylor has lived a majority of his life in Clermont County, graduated from Miami University and the University of Dayton School of Law and worked for a prosecutor’s office.
“In criminal law, you’re getting to the nitty gritty on every word in the law, because sometimes somebody’s freedom is at stake,” Taylor said. “So that will serve well in dealing with the legislation that’s written and passed or repealed.”
He now owns his own concrete business Sardinia Ready Mix and said his experience of operating within a budget could help him in D.C.
“Those are things that the government could use a large dose of so more people with that mindset, I think, would lead to better outcomes in Washington, D.C. and those returns come here to Ohio, specifically the second district,” he said.
On the issues
Taylor wants to defund and dismantle the U.S. Department of Education.
“It’s another federal agency that overreaches the federal government’s mandate under the Tenth Amendment,” he said. “We have so many federal bureaucracies that are overstepping the mandate of the Constitution.”
Meadows wants to better fund public schools.
“We don’t have enough private schools in our district to take on an influx of public school kids,” Meadows said, referring to the voucher program.
Meadows wants to protect reproductive rights.
“The ability to have body autonomy and make our own decisions, that is absolutely terrifying that we don’t have that type of freedom, or that we’re trying to be denied that kind of freedom,” she said.
Taylor is anti-abortion, but doesn’t support a total ban on abortion.
“The issue is going to be a state issue from state to state, and that’s where it needs to stay,” he said.
Both candidates support the Second Amendment.
“But I also believe at the very least, we need to have a moratorium on the sale of assault rifles,” Meadows said. “I do believe that they are not necessary in the hands of an average American. They belong on the battlefield.”
Taylor said he would fight against infringements on the Second Amendment.
“Every time you have one of these incidents that causes (people) to call for gun control, multiple laws have been broken, so I’m not sure what law they think can be written that’s going to stop that,” Taylor said.
Megan Henry is a reporter for the Ohio Capital Journal and has spent the past five years reporting in Ohio on various topics including education, healthcare, business and crime. She previously worked at The Columbus Dispatch, part of the USA Today Network.
Ohio Capital Journal is part of States Newsroom, the nation’s largest state-focused nonprofit news organization.
Loveland, Ohio – Due to the resignation of board member Kevin Daugherty, the Loveland Board of Education met on 17 June to fill his seat for the remainder of his term, which is through the end of the current calendar year, December 31, 2023.
The Board entered into an executive session to conduct phone interviews with the following candidates:
Josh Hendrickson
Christina Jeranek
Anna Bunker
Lynn Mangan
Elaine Hipps
Marcia Neumann
Brad Goldie
Roger Talyor
Elliot Grossman
Carly Tamborski
Brain Tibbs
After the executive session ended, Board President Dr. Kathryn Lorenz said that instead of choosing a candidate who said they would run for election in November, they chose a candidate who indicated they would not be seeking a permanent seat on the Board.
Lorenz, Rev. Jonathan Eilert, Dr. Eric Schwetschenau, and Eileen Washburn voted to appoint Dr. Brad Goldie to the vacant position.
Goldie is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Miami University and serves on the District Finance Committee.
Loveland, Ohio – On Thursday night the six candidates competing to be elected to Loveland City Council were the guests of Loveland Magazine and the Little Miami River Chamber Alliance at the Loveland Middle School.
Next Thursday, October 21, the Loveland School Board candidates will come together for a similar forum in the Loveland Middle School/Intermediate School Cafeteria at 7 PM. Loveland High School alum, Ricky Mulvey will be the emcee for the evening.
Candidates for Loveland City Council (4 to be elected to a 4 year term)
Tim Butler – 1102 Hickory Ridge Dr.
John Hart – 11349 S. Lebanon Rd.
Kim Lukens – 142 Hounds Run
Neal Oury – 401 Lowell St.
Ted Phelps – 137 Pleasant Lake Dr.
Kip Ping – 918 W. Loveland Ave.
Dave H. Stanton – 208 Sentry Hill Dr. (Withdrawn from Race)
The Loveland Magazine Election Guide
Loveland City Council
Candidates for Loveland City Council (4 to be elected to a 4 year term)
Tim Butler – 1102 Hickory Ridge Dr.
John Hart – 11349 S. Lebanon Rd.
Kim Lukens – 142 Hounds Run
Neal Oury – 401 Lowell St.
Ted Phelps – 137 Pleasant Lake Dr.
Kip Ping – 918 W. Loveland Ave.
Dave H. Stanton – 208 Sentry Hill Dr. (Withdrawn from Race)
Current members of Loveland Council
Kathy Bailey, Mayor (Term Ends December 2023)
Robert Weisgerber, Vice Mayor (Term endsDecember 6, 2021)
Andy Bateman (Term Ends December 2023)
Ted Phelps (Term endsDecember 6, 2021)
Tim Butler (Term endsDecember 6, 2021)
Neal Oury (Term endsDecember 6, 2021)
Kent Blair (Term Ends December 2023)
Loveland City School District
Member of Board of Education (3 to be elected to a 4-year term)
Colette Boyko – 11997 Riveroaks Dr.
Anna Bunker – 1020 Oakland Dr.
Jonathan Eilert – 716 Quailwoods Dr.
Elliot Grossman – 957 Ashire Ct.
Al Juram – 6399 Mueller Lakes Ln.
Elizabeth Mason – 1867 Timberidge Dr.
Michele Pettit – 40 Buckeye Ct. (Pettit petition to run again for school board rejected by BOE Read more…)
Eric L. Schwetschenau – 1211 Red Roan Ln.
Eileen Washburn – 10923 Rednor Ct.
Member of Board of Education (1 to be elected – Unexpired term ending 12-31-2023)
Kevin M. Dougherty – 12021 Millstone Ct, 45140
Current members of Loveland School Board
Dr. Kathryn Lorenz, Board President (Term expires 12/31/23)
Kevin Dougherty, Board Vice President (Term expires 12/31/21)
Michele Pettit, Board Member (Term Expires 12/31/21)
Dr. Eric Schwetschenau, Board Member (Term expires 12/31/21)
Eileen Washburn, Board Member (Term Expires 12/31/21)
August 23 – Write-in candidates must file declarations of intent by 4 p.m. (72 days before general election
September 17 – Military & Overseas Absentee Voting begins (46 Days Before Election Day)
October 4 – Deadline for voter registration for Nov. 2 general election (30 days before general election)*
October 5 – Early In-Person Voting begins and includes the Saturday, Sunday and the Monday before Election Day
October 5 – Absentee Voting By Mail begins (28 Days Before Election Day)
October 11 – Board of Elections Closed to In-Person Voting (Columbus Day).
October 30 – Applications for absentee ballots to be mailed for Nov. 2 general election must be received by boards of elections by noon (3 days before general election)
November 2 – General Election Day. Polls open at 6:30 AM and close at 7:30 PM.
Throughout the years, men and women in our armed forces have made great sacrifices to protect our freedom and democracy. Today, the courageous members of our military branches continue to serve our country so we all can enjoy one of our most sacred rights – the right to vote. Through the I Vote in Honor of a Veteran initiative, you can demonstrate the pride you feel for a veteran or servicemember and, at the same time, encourage others to vote on Election Day.
Wear an I Vote in Honor of a Veteran pin on Election Day to show your appreciation to those men and women who made it possible for you to exercise your right to vote.
To get your pin, click this LINK to submit a testimonial about how they’ve inspired you will be sent one.
Loveland Magazine is one of the many media organization in Ohio who have joined to share this one-hour debate by candidates for the Ohio Supreme Court presented by the Ohio Debate Commission.
ODC Ohio Supreme Court Judicial Candidates Forum program was recorded live-to-tape this past Friday, October 9, 2020
The Ohio Supreme Court Judicial Candidates Forum was presented by The Ohio Debate Commission, a coalition of news organizations, universities and civic groups that encourage respectful civic dialogue.
The moderators are Curtis Jackson, anchor at Spectrum News, and Karen Kasler, Ohio Public Radio and TV Statehouse News Bureau Chief.
The forum was virtual, with candidates joining via the web.
Four candidates are in races for two seats on the Supreme Court of Ohio.
Incumbent Justice of The Supreme Court of Ohio Sharon Kennedy is challenged by Judge John P. O’Donnell of the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas. And incumbent Justice Judi French of The Supreme Court of Ohio faces challenger Judge Jennifer Brunner of the Ohio Tenth District Court of Appeals.
EDITOR’S NOTE AND CORRECTION: This article originally stated the wrong date for the November election. The correct date is November 5, 2019
Loveland, Ohio – There will be a City of Loveland Council Candidate Forum on Wednesday, October 16, at 7 PM at the Loveland Middle School Media Center.
The evening is a joint production of the Little Miami River Chamber Alliance and Loveland Magazine. The evening will be recorded and re-broadcast by LOVELAND MAGAZINE TV. If possible, it will be live-streamed on Loveland Magazine’s Facebook Page as was done in 2017.
The format will follow the same as in the past:
Candidates will each present for 2 minutes in the beginning to introduce themselves
Questions will be asked for 60 minutes allowing each candidate two minutes to reply or pass
After 60 minutes candidates will close with a 2 minute speech
Residents will be putting their questions into a “hat,” and all questions will be screened for duplication by a third party. We will ask as many of the questions as time allows in the 60 minutes.
The Little Miami River Chamber of Commerce Board Chairman has asked the Honorable Judge Brad Greenburg (Hamilton County Courthouse) to serve as the emcee.
The Chamber and Loveland Magazine feels it is important to allow the residents/voters to meet and ask questions before going to vote on November 5. We intend to provide the community with the opportunity to ask questions and make an informed choice when voting.
If you find value in this Voter Guide and the expense involved in putting it together, please…Loveland, Ohio – Below you can read the ballot language for the increase in taxes the Loveland Board of Education is asking you to approve. You can also read the text of current and proposed changes City Council wants you to approve to the City Charter.
Loveland City Council at Large – 3 to be elected – 4-year term
Pat Ahr
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Kathy Bailey
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Andy Bateman
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Kent G. Blair
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Cory O’Donnell
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Angela L. Settell
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Loveland Board of Education – 2 to be elected – 4-year term
Arthur R. Jarvis
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Kathryn Lorenz
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Symmes Township Trustee – 1 to be elected – 4-year term
Phil Beck
CJ Carr
Symmes Township Fiscal Officer – 1 to be elected – 4-year term
Joseph C. Grossi
Milford Council at Large – 4 to be elected – 4-year term
Edward J. Haskins
Kyle Mitchell
Benjamin Redman
Sandra Russell
Milford School Board
Emily Chestnut
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
Warren Co. –
TOTAL –
Mike Durkee
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
TOTAL –
Dave Meranda
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
TOTAL –
James Rhodes
Clermont Co. –
Hamilton Co. –
TOTAL –
Goshen Township Trustee
Bob Hausermann
Bill Pitman
Goshen Township Fiscal Officer
Laura Engled
Goshen School Board – Full term 2 to be elected
John Benthien
Julie Casey
Derrick Holmes
GoshenSchool Board (unexpired term) – 1 to be elected
Deborah S. Gray
Miami Township (Clermont County) Trustee
Ken Tracy
Miami Township (Clermont County) Fiscal Officer
Eric C. Ferry
Judge of Hamilton County Municipal Court – 1 to be elected per district – 6-year term (District 5)
Kari L. Bloom
Heather S. Russell
ISSUES
Loveland City Council will ask voters to approve a Revised Charter.
Clermont Co. –
YES –
NO –
Hamilton Co. –
YES –
NO –
Warren Co. –
YES –
NO –
TOTAL –
YES –
NO –
Loveland Board of Education is asking voters to approve a combined Operating and Bond Levy.
Clermont Co.
YES –
NO –
Hamilton Co.
YES –
NO –
Warren Co.
YES –
NO –
TOTAL –
YES –
NO –
Goshen Local School District
Bond Levy 5.24 mills – 34 years
For –
Against –
Milford City
Renewal with an Increase 17 mills – for Fire & EMS – for 5 years
For –
Against
GoshenSchool Bond Levy
Shall bonds be issued by the Goshen Local School District, Counties of Clermont and Warren, for the purpose of site acquisition, new construction, improvements, renovations and additions to school facilities and providing equipment, furnishings and site improvements therefor, in the principal amount of thirty‐one million dollars ($31,000,000), to be repaid annually over a maximum period of thirty‐four (34) years, and an annual levy of property taxes be made outside of the ten‐mill limitation, estimated by the county auditor to average over the repayment period of the bond issue five and twenty‐four hundreds (5.24) mills for each one dollar of tax valuation, which amounts to fifty‐two and four‐tenths cents ($0.524) for each one hundred dollars of tax valuation, commencing in 2019, first due in calendar year 2020, to pay the annual debt charges on the bonds, and to pay debt charges on any notes issued in anticipation of those bonds?
YES
NO
Kings Local School District
Shall bonds be issued by the Kings Local School District, for the purpose of site acquisition, new construction, improvements, renovations and additions to school facilities and providing equipment, furnishings and site improvements therefor, in the principal amount of $89,975,000 to be repaid annually over a maximum period of 37 years, and an annual levy of property taxes be made outside the ten‐mill limitation, estimated by the county auditor to average over the repayment period of the bond issue 4.96 mills for each one dollar of tax valuation, which amounts to $0.496 for each one hundred dollars of tax valuation, commencing in 2019, first due in calendar year 2020, to pay the annual debt charge on the bonds, and to pay debt charges on any notes issued in anticipation of those bonds?
YES
NO
Hamilton County
Tax Levy (Renewal) – .34ml 5yr – Family Services & Treatment Programs
For –
Against
Tax Levy – (Renewal) – 4.13ml 5yr – Developmental Disabilities
For –
Against
Sycamore School Bond Issue
Shall bonds be issued by the Sycamore Community City School District for the purpose of new construction, improvements, renovations, and additions to school facilities, and providing equipment, furnishings, and site development and improvements, and all necessary appurtenances therefor, in the principal amount of one hundred twenty-seven million five hundred thousand dollars ($127,500,000), to be repaid annually over a maximum period of thirty (30) years, and an annual levy of property taxes be made outside of the ten-mill limitation, estimated by the county auditor to average over the repayment period of the bond issue four (4) mills for each one dollar of tax valuation, which amounts to forty cents ($0.40) for each one hundred dollars of tax valuation, commencing in 2019, first due in calendar year 2020, to pay the annual debt charges on the bonds, and to pay debt charges on any notes issued in anticipation of those bonds?
Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted today reminded voters the May 8 Primary Election is one week away, and the deadline to request a mailed absentee ballot is Saturday, May 5 at noon.
The full, detailed and interactive 2018 elections calendar is available online.
Absentee Voting by Mail and In-Person
All Ohio voters wanting to cast an absentee ballot by mail must request one by Saturday, May 5 at noon and return it to the appropriate county board of elections’ office by 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 8. Absentee ballots postmarked by May 7 will also be counted, but voters who choose to return their absentee ballot close to the deadline should consider delivering it to their county board of elections’ office to ensure it is counted. For more information on absentee voting, visit MyOhioVote.com.
Secretary Husted has established uniform hours for in-person absentee voting to ensure all voters have fair and equal access to the ballot during the May 8 Primary Election. Ohio voters can vote over the course of four weeks, including the weekend before Election Day.
Military & Overseas Voting
Military voters who are already registered to vote, but have not submitted a request for an absentee ballot may still do so by visiting OhioMilitaryVotes.com, while overseas voters can visit OhioVoterPassport.com. There they can download the Federal Post Card Application and request an absentee ballot, read through frequently asked questions, track the status of their mailed ballot and sign up for election reminders via email and social media.
Voter Toolkit
The online Voter Toolkit is a one-stop location for all necessary voting information. Ohio voters can visit MyOhioVote.com/VoterToolkit to check their voter registration status, find their polling location, view their sample ballot and track their absentee ballot.
Get Election Updates and Ohio’s Virtual Voting Sticker
All voters are encouraged to connect with “OhioSOSHusted” on Facebook and Twitter to get election information and updates throughout the year. Here they can also get a virtual voting sticker badge to let their friends and followers know they’ve participated in the Primary Election. Facebook users simply need to “like” Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted’s official Facebook page to “wear” a virtual sticker on their wall. Twitter users may share their voting badge by visiting the Secretary of State’s website.
Board of Education makes official decision at March 15 Special Meeting
Loveland, Ohio – The Loveland City School District has announced the search for the permanent superintendent of Loveland School District is complete; in a unanimous vote the Loveland Board of Education made official their selection of Dr. Amy Crouse as the new educational leader at the March 15 Special Meeting.
“The Board of Education, working with the Ohio School Boards Association (OSBA), found the best of the best candidates to interview, and sought feedback from the administrative team, the Tiger staff and the Loveland community before making this decision; we feel confident in our choice to name Dr. Amy Crouse as our new superintendent,” said Loveland Board of Education President Art Jarvis in a statement issued to the press. “During her tenure as interim superintendent, Dr. Crouse has worked tirelessly to ensure the district continued to focus efforts on enhancing the experience for our students. We know she is the perfect leader to push forward our key initiatives of Tiger academic growth, Tiger innovation and Tiger care.”
Dr. Amy Crouse is the new educational leader in Loveland
Crouse joined the Loveland administration as the assistant superintendent of teaching and learning in August of 2014; she came to the district with 21 years of education experience on her resume. She earned her bachelor’s degree from Indiana University in elementary education in 1990, her master’s in education administration from the University of Cincinnati (UC) in 1997, and her doctorate of education from UC in 2012, where she served as an adjunct professor in educational leadership in 1998, 2000, and 2010-2014. She began serving students as a teacher in 1993 at schools in Illinois, then North Carolina, before taking an administrative role as an assistant principal for West Clermont Local Schools in Cincinnati (1997) and then principal for that same district (1999). She moved to the Princeton City School District to serve as curriculum coordinator (2004), director of curriculum and instruction (2008) and served that district as associate superintendent (2012-2014).
In addition, Dr. Crouse has been a featured conference presenter and contributing author to multiple publications, according to the press release issued by the District.
“It is humbling to have the privilege to serve my Tiger Family in this role,” said Crouse in the statement. “With the full support of the Board of Education, we are laying the ground work right now for advancements in the student experience that will game-change the way this district does business, and I couldn’t be more excited to continue to collaborate with our Tiger staff and our Loveland community to make it happen. It is an exciting time to be a Tiger!”
“Dr. Crouse is a proven educational leader,” added Jarvis. “Her accomplishments within our district are already outstanding – from developing a strategic plan to include our classroom educational leaders in researching and investing in the best teaching tools for our students, to bringing innovative learning to our classrooms, to growing our academic programs with a partnership with the University of Cincinnati just this year – she has already enhanced our student experience. The Board of Education is excited to support her leadership in accomplishing our vision.”